The 29 Most Iconic Destinations in South America

Machu Picchu is the 15th-century Inca citadel set high in the Andes at 2,430 metres, concealed from the Spanish conquistadors and unknown to the outside world until Hiram Bingham III's expedition in 1911.

Its stone temples, terraced agricultural land, and mountain setting create one of the world's most atmospheric ancient sites.

The Salar de Uyuni is the world's largest salt flat, covering 10,582 square kilometres of the Bolivian altiplano at 3,656 metres above sea level.

When covered by a thin layer of water after the rainy season, it becomes a perfect mirror reflection of the sky and one of the most surreal landscapes on earth.

Rio de Janeiro's Carnival is the largest and most famous in the world, headlined by Sambadrome parades where the city's top samba schools compete through the night in elaborate feathered costumes and floats years in the making.

Beyond the Sambadrome, hundreds of free street parties called blocos take over neighbourhoods for days, open to anyone who wants to dance along.

Iguazu Falls straddles the border between Argentina and Brazil and is wider than Victoria Falls and taller than Niagara, making it arguably the world's most spectacular waterfall system.

The 275 separate cascades thunder over a 2.

7-kilometre arc in the subtropical jungle of both countries' national parks.

The Brazilian side of Iguaçu Falls trades Argentina's up-close catwalks for one long panoramic circuit, sweeping across nearly the entire 2.

7km curtain of over 250 individual falls at once.

A short walkway leads out to a platform inside the spray of the Devil's Throat, with boat trips for those who want to get soaked.

It's compact enough to see in half a day, unlike the sprawling park across the border.

Three granite towers punch straight up out of Chilean Patagonia, reflected in turquoise glacial lakes that change colour with the light.

The full W trek links the towers with glaciers, wind-battered forests and the vivid blue of the Grey Glacier over several days.

Even a single day at the base-of-the-towers viewpoint delivers one of South America's most dramatic landscapes.

Mount Fitz Roy is a serrated granite peak on the border of Argentina and Chile in Patagonia, rising 3,405 metres above the Patagonian steppe.

Its distinctive jagged silhouette, often wreathed in cloud, inspired the Patagonia clothing brand logo and is considered one of the most technically challenging climbs in the world.

Six hundred miles off the Ecuadorian coast, the Galápagos archipelago is a living laboratory of evolution where wildlife shows no fear of humans.

Charles Darwin's observations here inspired his theory of natural selection, and today visitors can snorkel with sea lions and walk alongside giant tortoises.

A four-day trek along Inca-built stone steps, climbing over the 4,215m Dead Woman's Pass and threading cloud forest to reach ruins at Sayacmarca and Winay Wayna.

The final pre-dawn push through the Sun Gate delivers the classic first view of Machu Picchu below.

Campsites sit on terraced mountainsides ringed by snow-streaked Andean peaks.

Permits are capped at 500 a day, and a guide is mandatory.

Water drops 979 metres off a sheer tabletop mountain in the middle of remote Venezuelan jungle, making this the tallest waterfall on Earth by a wide margin.

The fall is so tall that much of the water disperses into mist before ever reaching the pool below.

Reaching it means days of river travel by dugout canoe through Canaima National Park, so the sheer remoteness is part of what keeps the view unspoiled.

Roughly 900 moai, the monumental stone figures carved by the Rapa Nui between the 13th and 16th centuries, are scattered across this small volcanic island 3,700km from mainland Chile.

The best-known cluster, fifteen restored moai at Ahu Tongariki, catches the sunrise directly behind it.

Elsewhere, the Rano Raraku quarry has dozens of unfinished statues still half-buried in the hillside where their carvers left them.

A massive tidewater glacier advancing into Lago Argentino, calving house-sized chunks of ice with a thunderous crack several times a day.

One of the few glaciers on Earth still growing, its brilliant blue ice face and extensive boardwalk system make it Patagonia's signature sight.

Christ the Redeemer spreads its arms 38 metres wide above Rio from the 700-metre summit of Corcovado, and no statue on Earth has a better backdrop: Sugarloaf, Guanabara Bay and miles of beach-fringed city far below.

The Art Deco figure is impressive up close, but it's the view, in both directions, that makes the trip unmissable.

A small-ship cruise through the Galapagos archipelago, landing daily by dinghy on islands where sea lions, marine iguanas, and blue-footed boobies show no fear of visitors.

Charles Darwin's living laboratory looks much as it did when he arrived, thanks to strict limits on visitor numbers and permitted routes.

Snorkeling brings penguins and hammerhead sharks within arm's reach.

Each island differs sharply from the last in wildlife and landscape.

The steep peak rising behind Machu Picchu is a climbable mountain in its own right, with narrow Inca-built stone steps switchbacking up its face.

From the summit the entire citadel unfolds below, terraces and all, with the Urubamba river winding through the valley beyond.

Only 200 permits are issued per morning slot, which keeps the trail genuinely uncrowded but means booking months ahead.

A 4-5 day traverse of Torres del Paine's signature sights: the granite Torres themselves, the sheer Cuernos horns, French Valley's hanging glaciers, and Grey Glacier's blue ice.

Refugios and campsites break the route into manageable days, though Patagonian wind can turn brutal without warning.

The reward is one of the most consistently spectacular multi-day trails in South America, from lenga forest to turquoise glacial lakes.

Cusco was the capital of the Inca Empire, and the history still shows: Inca stonework underpins colonial churches along cobbled streets radiating from Plaza de Armas.

It's a living Andean city of nearly half a million people, not a museum piece, with markets and restaurants layered over centuries of rebuilding.

Most visitors use it as a base before Machu Picchu, but it easily holds its own for two or three days.

A two-stage cable car, the bondinho, carries visitors from Praia Vermelha up over the forested Morro da Urca to the bare granite summit of Pão de Açúcar, 396 metres above Guanabara Bay.

From the top, Rio unfolds in full: Copacabana's curve, Christ the Redeemer on Corcovado, and the bay's scattering of islands.

It's one stop, one ride, and one of the most complete views of the city available anywhere.

Buenos Aires pairs wide, Parisian-style boulevards with the pulse of a Latin American capital: tango danced in San Telmo squares, steak houses running late into the night, and the pink Casa Rosada overlooking Plaza de Mayo.

Neighborhoods vary sharply, from elegant Recoleta's cafes and cemetery to La Boca's brightly painted tenements.

It's a walkable city built for lingering, not checklist sightseeing.

Launched in 1985 with what was then the largest concert audience ever assembled, Rock in Rio built a purpose-designed City of Rock venue, spread across multiple stages, a Ferris wheel, and a full mock street of bars and food stalls.

The lineup leans toward major international rock and pop headliners, and the festival has since spread to spin-off editions in Lisbon and Madrid.

One of the world's highest active volcanoes, a near-symmetrical glacier-capped cone rising over 5,800 metres above the Andean paramo grasslands south of Quito.

Most visitors don't summit - that requires technical mountaineering and acclimatisation - but a hike or horseback ride to the refuge at around 4,800 metres gets close enough to stand at the glacier's edge, with wild llamas often grazing the surrounding slopes.

Its perfect-cone silhouette is one of the most recognisable mountain shapes in South America.

Mineral bands of red, gold, turquoise and lavender stripe this Andean ridge, exposed by erosion after centuries of livestock trampling stripped the surface soil.

Sitting above 5,000 metres, the colours are more vivid in person than in most photos, especially just after rain.

Its rapid rise from local secret to must-see spot in under a decade has brought heavy foot traffic to a genuinely fragile landscape.

One of South America's most active volcanoes, a near-perfect snow-capped cone above the lakeside town of Pucon, with a permanently active lava lake sometimes visible glowing from the crater rim on clear nights.

A full-day guided climb in crampons reaches the summit for a look directly into the smoking crater, while at night the volcano's silhouette glowing faintly red is visible from town.

Ski slopes cover its lower flanks in winter, an unusual pairing of active volcanism and alpine sport.

Each June, Cusco re-enacts the Inca Empire's Festival of the Sun with a procession from the Qorikancha temple to Sacsayhuaman's fortress ruins above the city, where hundreds of performers in Inca dress stage a reenactment for the Inca sun god Inti.

Rooted in a real Inca festival banned by colonial authorities and revived in 1944, it's now Cusco's biggest annual event, drawing crowds to Sacsayhuaman's grassy amphitheatre for the main ceremony.

Colombia's biggest carnival and, by most measures, the second-largest in the world after Rio, Barranquilla's four-day celebration blends African, Indigenous and Spanish traditions into parades of cumbia dancers and marimonda figures with their signature long-nosed masks.

UNESCO recognised it in 2003 for how intact its folkloric traditions remain.

Quito's historic center was the first UNESCO World Heritage Site ever designated, and remains the largest, best-preserved colonial-era old town in Latin America.

Baroque churches like La Compañía de Jesús drip with gold leaf inside plain stone exteriors, while plazas and narrow streets climb the Andean foothills at over 2,800 meters of altitude.

The Basílica del Voto Nacional's towers offer views across the whole old town.

High in the Bolivian Andes, Oruro's carnival is built around the Diablada, an elaborate devil dance performed by dancers in ornate horned masks and embroidered costumes depicting the battle between good and evil.

UNESCO recognised the event in 2001 for how deeply its folklore and costume-making traditions are woven into the city's identity.

Nicknamed for the near-vertical rock face it descends, this short but dramatic railway uses a series of switchbacks to drop the train down a mountainside once considered one of the most difficult stretches of track ever built.

Built in the early 1900s to link the Andean highlands to the coast, it's now run as a heritage tourist ride between Alausí and Sibambe, with views down the gorge that made the engineering feat necessary.

On the Belem waterfront where the Amazon meets the Guajara Bay, Ver-o-Peso has traded since the 17th century and remains South America's largest open-air market, its stalls piled with Amazonian fruit few outsiders can name, medicinal herbs, and fish hauled off boats at the adjoining cast-iron fish market pavilion.

The name means 'see the weight'.